Dear Samacheer Kalvi Students, here are the answers to the 12th Commerce Text Book Solutions Principles of Management chapter.
Click here for Commerce Text Book Solutions Lessons 1-28
I. Choose the correct answers:
| 1. Management is what a _______ does? | |
| a) Manager | b) Subordinate |
| c) Supervisor | d) Superior |
| 2. Management is an _______ | |
| a) Art | b) Science |
| c) Art and Science | d) Art or Science |
| 3. Scientific management is developed by | |
| a) Fayol | b) Taylor |
| c) Mayo | d) Jacob |
| 4. Dividing the work into small tasks is known as |
|
| a) Discipline | b) Unity |
| c) Division of work | d) Equity |
| 5. With a wider span, there will be _______ hierarchical levels. | |
| a) More | b) Less |
| c) Multiple | d) Additional |
II. Very short answer questions.
1. What is Management?
Management is the art of getting things done through others. It is a distinct ongoing process
of allocating inputs of an organisation by typical managerial functions for the purpose of achieving stated objectives.
2. List out the management tools.
The tools of management are accounting, business law, psychology, statistics, econometrics, data processing,
3. State the meaning of Authority.
Authority means the right of a superior to give the order to his subordinates whereas responsibility means obligation for performance.
4. What do you mean by Span of management?
Span of Management refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior.
III. Short answer questions:
1. Define the term management.
Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and manages manager, and manages worker and work.”— Peter F. Drucker.
2. Differentiate management from Administration. (any 3)
| Basis | Management | Administration |
| Meaning | An organized way of managing people and things of a business organization is called the Management. | The process of administering an organization by a group of people is known as the Administration. |
| Authority | Middle and Lower Level | Top level |
| Role | Executive | Decisive |
4. What are the principles of Taylor?
Principles of scientific management propounded by Taylor are:
- Science, Not Rule of Thumb
- Harmony, Not Discord
- Mental Revolution
- Cooperation, Not Individualism
- Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity.
5. What determines the span of management?
The Span of Management can be determined on the basis of the number of subordinates a manager can effectively manage. This is related to the levels of the organization structure, where there is a wide and a narrow span of management. With the wider span, there will be less hierarchical levels. This means a manager will have to manage a large number of subordinates, which is difficult. Whereas, with the narrow span, the hierarchical levels increases. This means more managers have to be employed in the organization, which makes it expensive.
IV. Long answer questions:
1. Explain the concept of management. (any 5)
The management concept can be best explained with the help of its features, which are as follows:
1. Body of Knowledge:
Management has now developed into a specialised body of management theory and philosophy. Management literature is growing in all countries. It is the best passport to enter the world of employment either in the business world, in government or private.
2. Management Tools:
Tools of management have been developed such as, accounting, business law, psychology,
statistics, econometrics, data processing, etc. These branches of management profession have enhanced the practical utility of the science of management.
3. Separate Discipline:
Management studies in many universities and institutions of higher learning are recognised as a separate discipline. Since 1951, many specialised schools of management are offering master‘s degree in business management and administration.
Seminars, special courses, and training programmes are becoming popular for orientation and retraining in management areas such as export management, personnel management, and marketing management.
4. Specialisation:
There is a growing tendency to select and appoint highly qualified, trained and experienced persons to manage the business in each functional areas of management. Today, there is an increasing tendency in favour of management by experts or professionals.
5. Professional Association:
The Business Management Associations in many countries to promote the spread of
knowledge in all management areas and to build up the bright public image of managerial
profession.
2. Explain the principles of modern management. (any 5)
The Father of Modern Management Mr. Henry Fayol has enunciated the principles of modern management. They include:
1. Division of Work:
According to this principle the whole work is divided into small tasks. The specialization of the workforce according to the skills of a person, creating specific personal and professional development within the labour force and therefore increasing productivity leads to specialization which increases the efficiency of labour.
2. Authority and Responsibility:
This is the issue of commands followed by responsibility for their consequences. Authority means the right of a superior to give the order to his subordinates whereas responsibility means obligation for performance.
3. Discipline:
It is obedience, proper conduct in relation to others, respect of authority, etc. It is essential for the smooth functioning of all organizations.
4. Unity of Command:
This principle states that each subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one superior. If an employee receives orders from more than one superior, it is likely to create confusion and conflict.
5. Unity of Direction:
All related activities should be put under one group, there should be one plan of action for them, and they should be under the control of one manager.
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